Estimated of Runoff Volume in the Basin of Qlatubzan Valley Withen Kalar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate Using GIS

10.2478/bjlp-2022-001081

Abstract

Purpose: Study of river basins with their terrestrial area of the riverbed, valleys
network, tributaries, and different branches is important in different hydrological and
geomorphological studies, the study of the spatial assessment of the surface runoff of
the Qalatupzan valley basin using geographic information systems (GIS).
Theoretical framework: Studying the basin and knowing the changes in
the area and the amount of rainfall that have a significant impact on the volume
of runoff as well as groundwater that has a significant role in increasing the harvest
of valley water and finding the best ways to increase the water share of this basin
and to know the natural factors that have formed this basin and study its different
morphometric properties and prepare water harvesting models for the basin.
Methodology: The research relied on several approaches, including the
descriptive approach, which is an investigation based on one of the existing
phenomena with the aim of diagnosing it, revealing its aspects, and determining
the existing relationships between its elements and the relationships between them
and other phenomena, as well as the quantitative analysis method, which is the
classification and inclusion of features and the construction of statistical models
that attempt to explain what is observed, according to the data of the study, in
addtion of the technical approach, which is concerned with using model building asa means of forecasting, and keeping pace with the development in geographic
information systems to bring about a qualitative change at the entrances and exits
of the geographical search.Findings: The importance of studying the basin of the Qalatupzan Valley
hydrologically focuses primarily on knowing the volume of surface runoff and
estimating the amount of water available in this basin and its importance in water
harvesting and knowing the factors affecting the increase or shear of surface runoff
in it, depending on the techniques of geographical systems.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The aim of the study is determined
by knowing the spatial assessment of the volume of surface runoff for harvesting
the water of Qalatupzan Valley using GIS from the source point represented in
Sulaymaniyah Governorate until its downstream in the Diyala River.
Originality/value: Knowing the natural and surface characteristics of the
study area Basin of Qlatubzan Valley Withen Kalar District, Sulaymaniyah
Governorate, through knowing the seasonal and annual amounts of rainfall. Clarifying
the relationship between the spatial assessment of runoff and basin water harvesting
and the factors controlling it, and then preparing models for basin water harvesting.