Feeling of Defeat and Entrapment and Their Relationship to Pessimism among the Unemployed
10.2478/bjlp-2023-00000282
Keywords:
defeat, entrapment, and pessimism.Abstract
Being individuals in the Iraqi society, as today we find living conditions, affluent living requirements and the continuous development affect the lives of individuals in general, and the unemployed among them in particular, and make them suffer from greater pressures than the pressures of the employees, leading them change their view of themselves, causing their feeling of inferiority based on classification with others, their sense of failure and worthlessness and loss of control over their feelings and behaviors . Their views may appear in the form of social withdrawal, depression, or violence directed towards sources of power. The present research aims at identifying:
- feeling of Defeat and Entrapment among the unemployed,
- measuring Pessimism among unemployed graduates,
- knowing the correlation between feeling of Defeat, Entrapment, and Pessimism, and
- the extent to which feeling of Defeat and Entrapment contribute to Pessimism.
The present research used the descriptive-correlational approach. The number of the sample individuals was (400) unemployed males and females, for different ages and academic achievement from elementary to doctoral, and for periods of unemployment at four levels, from less than three years to more than ten years. They were selected from Baghdad governorate by random stratified method. Two scales were prepared to measure (feeling of Defeat, Entrapment, and Pessimism) for the unemployed. The findings of the research demonstrated the following: The unemployed in Baghdad governorate were characterized by a high level of feeling of Defeat and Entrapment and a high level of Pessimism. There was a positive correlation with statistical significance between the feeling of Defeat, Entrapment and Pessimism among the unemployed. The research concluded with several recommendations, all of which shed light on the needs of the unemployed and to provide them with job opportunities.