The Perfect Man (Al-Insân Al-Kâmil) in Al-Ghazâlî's Perspective

10.2478/bjlp-2022-007032

Abstract

Human perfection in the perspective of Sufism lies in the purity of his soul, so that he can manifest the qualities of Ilâhîyah (divinity) in himself and reach the culmination point in his spiritual experience. The perfection of his soul becomes a mirror of God in seeing Himself. about humans from the spiritual-religious side then got a special place and attention for Abû Hâmid al-Ghazâlî who conceptualized about al-Insân al-Kâmil (Perfect / Plenary Man). This type of research is a literature study. This literature study puts forward and builds the concept of the perfect human idea in al-Ghazâlî's view. In addition, this study uses a philosophical approach because its form is a study of texts and literature. Humans are creatures formed from body and spirit with a certain number of potentials and instincts, which manifest as a singular identity in absolute togetherness, and function as 'abd and khalîfah (representative) of Allah on earth. -Wâshilûn according to him are people who have reached their acquaintance with God through maximum al-dzawq (intuition). The levels of al-Wâshilûn, according to al-Ghazâlî, are divided into two levels, namely: The first level, are people who occupy maqâm (positions) by gaining knowledge that is independent of the reach of the senses and thought, everything that exists apart from consciousness except beauty, the holiness of God and himself; and the second level, is the stage when his consciousness has merged with God, he is not aware of anything else, including himself.