Renovating the financial mechanism in the direction of giving autonomy and selfresponsibility to public higher education institutions is an inevitable and objective trend. In the past years, the implementation of the financial autonomy mechanism at public universities in Vietnam has been piloted with initial positive achievement, however, it is necessary to continue innovating in order to promote this mechanism in the coming time. The article analyzes the current state of the State's regulations on financial autonomy at public universities and analyzes the financial revenue and expenditure mechanisms to clarify opportunities, challenges and propose some solutions to effectively implement financial autonomy in public universities in Vietnam.