Purpose:
Study of river basins with their terrestrial area of the riverbed, valleys
network, tributaries, and different branches is important in different hydrological
and geomorphological studies, the study of the spatial assessment of the surface
runoff of the Qalatupzan valley basin using geographic information systems (GIS).
Theoretical framework:
Studying the basin and knowing the changes in the area and the amount of
rainfall that have a significant impact on the volume of runoff as well as
groundwater that has a significant role in increasing the harvest of valley water and
finding the best ways to increase the water share of this basin and to know the
natural factors that have formed this basin and study its different morphometric
properties and prepare water harvesting models for the basin.
Methodology:
The research relied on several approaches, including the descriptive
approach, which is an investigation based on one of the existing phenomena with
the aim of diagnosing it, revealing its aspects, and determining the existing relationships between its elements and the relationships between them and other
phenomena, as well as the quantitative analysis method, which is the classification
and inclusion of features and the construction of statistical models that attempt to
explain what is observed, according to the data of the study, in addtion of the
technical approach, which is concerned with using model building as a means of
forecasting, and keeping pace with the development in geographic information
systems to bring about a qualitative change at the entrances and exits of the
geographical search.
Findings:
The importance of studying the basin of the Qalatupzan Valley hydrologically
focuses primarily on knowing the volume of surface runoff and estimating the
amount of water available in this basin and its importance in water harvesting and
knowing the factors affecting the increase or shear of surface runoff in it, depending
on the techniques of geographical systems.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The aim of the study is determined
by knowing the spatial assessment of the volume of surface runoff for harvesting
the water of Qalatupzan Valley using GIS from the source point represented in
Sulaymaniyah Governorate until its downstream in the Diyala River.
Originality/value:
Knowing the natural and surface characteristics of the study area Basin of
Qlatubzan Valley Withen Kalar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, through
knowing the seasonal and annual amounts of rainfall. Clarifying the relationship
between the spatial assessment of runoff and basin water harvesting and the
factors controlling it, and then preparing models for basin water harvesting.