This article considers the political and legal aspects of water problems in Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the international legal status of transboundary water sources in Central Asia, the impact of non-regional countries anddemographic and economic growth on the water problems of the region, as well as the role and place of Afghanistan in this.The methodological approach employed is a systematic comparative politicallegal and historical analysis based on the principles of scientific objectivity and reliability. It is also based on the study of  contemporary sources and chronicles of the events of the past three decades. This includes analytical materials released by domestic and international publishers. The article  concludes that finding a consensus among the countries of the region on water management issues is a key factors for maintaining stability and security in the region. It also proposes several  possible solutions to resolve  the water problems in Central Asia.